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An edited version of a review by George Goddard
In an interview with Caribbean Writers and Poets, John Robert Lee characterises his latest collection, Belmont Portfolio (Peepal Tree Press, 2023), as a companion book to his earlier Pierrot (2020). And this is probably so thematically, imagistically, and in its exploration of language use with its formal renderings. He references calypsonians and other singers he admires.
The sequence for which this book is named, dedicated to Trinidadian novelist Earl Lovelace, begins: “some girl you never spoke with/some girl who walked on the other side of your road/some girl you looked out for from your blue window/lived in a house like this.” Then: “who will come to the red gate with the red mail tinbox/its pillars topped with red pyramids/who will walk past the yellow hydrant/and stare through the closed gate/at the thick variety of garden.”
[caption id="attachment_1061322" align="alignnone" width="671"] Cover of Belmont Portfolio poems by John R Lee -[/caption]
Lee told this writer the Belmont Portfolio cycle was inspired by photographs he took around Belmont in 2019. He has long written ekphrastic poems inspired by art. The Caribbean rhythms are unmistakable.
Themes: On Sticks of Oars, journeyings, many meanderings
The themes that move through the poems from Archetypes: On Sticks of Oars, that meander through parts one and two of the book, not only mark it as a companion work to Pierrot, but elaborate and expand on these themes. The theme of daily Caribbean life, JRL’s personal experiences, as a journey, mirror the earlier volume. The themes of unrequited love and infatuations, faith, aging and death, hopefulness, occupy him.
In my review of Pierrot I observed that: “this collection mediates the poet’s thoughts through the prism of his life experiences, and the works of poets, writers and artists as varied as Dionne Brand, Francis Thompson, Nobel laureate Sir Derek Walcott, calypsonian Shadow…and photographer Corrie Scott.”
In Belmont Portfolio he goes beyond this, to celebrate music, dance, painting, sculpture – even as he treads carefully, sandalled in his faith, even as he pleads apprehensions on approaching his mid-70s.
He dances the lakonmèt of his forebears, iconises their wob dwiyèt dresses, gets into the dancing line and prances with the enigmatic jump and wave of Shadow. He sings out the zouk of the late Kassav singer Jacob Desvarieux. And what better literary venue than Trinidad’s iconic Belmont?
And he evokes the younger reggae singer Chronixx – all part of the journey represented in Jallim Eudovic’s sculpture, the inspiration for On Sticks of Oars.
That poem, which opens this collection, is simultaneously reminiscent of the journeying of and melding of Caribbean peoples that begins in antiquity, and the poet’s travellings. Belmont Portfolio has echoes of his compatriot Walcott’s engagement with an odyssey, a people writing their own history which confronts the coloniser’s challenge to produce magnificent classical monuments as evidence of civilisation and real history.
The Caribbean, its landscape and seascape, in Lee’s work, as in Walcott’s, becomes the theatre of a great voyaging. For Robert, if not epic, it is certainly epiphanic.
The theme of journeying, of an odyssey setting out on Sticks of Oars, is sketched through his unique literary paintings of Caribbean flora and fauna…Here, as in Pierrot, the images of travel through the many twists and turns of a Purgatorio that leads to glimpses of Paradiso is ever-present. This island pilgrimage connects to well-known literary works by Naipaul, Walcott, Bunyan, Dante, Homer.
Lee has also said that a general theme of this book, captured in the cover art by Trinidadian Jackie Hinkson, is “a return from… a return to…”
Also evident is the marrying of classical themes imagistically and conceptually, with those of Catholicism and Protestant Christianity. Religion infuses everyday Caribbean life, as part of an ethos that is part of world culture, but Lee’s poems are distinctively and singularly Caribbean – and I suggest, St Lucian (Vespers)…Here, centred, is the universal and theological import of his work.
A faith that treads carefully
While the sacred and sacramental evidently infuse the work of one who has been described by Derek Walcott as a Christian poet, it is not done in a doctrinaire manner. Walcott perceptively observed of Lee: “You don’t get in the poetry anything that is, in a sense, preachy, or self-advertising in terms of its morality.”
Many of the epigraphs he chooses are biblical or from religious authors like Auden and Eliot. But he also cites Dionne Brand and Canisia Lubrin, who are certainly not of this faith orientation.
He also seems to me to run the risk, in the treatment of his themes, of drawing the ire of those who are ultra-conservative, Bible-thumping believers. He allows himself the freedom and artistic creativity to interpret the message in the context of a certain unity of the physical and metaphysical: the kaiso griot becomes a metaphor for an earthly and earthy messenger “with your rough, beautiful, holy voice.”
Lee is mindful that “faith must tread carefully/sandalled with the truth you wear.” He speaks powerfully yet not abrasively, voicing today’s truth rather than yesterday’s obsessions:
“like all our garbage throttling oceans, the barrage
of horrendous news from every corner of this fatigued planet
deadens us to suffering life in war zones, famine-plagued villages,
race-baiting sidewalks, grief-stricken ICU wards, streets of homeless children
& aging dementia, numerous catalogues of pain
to which we have grown numb, dumb & frankly, bored –”
Themes of unrequited love and infatuations, crises of faith, apprehensions, alienation from self and community, aging, decline, death are countered with “…the joy that is/the sacramental grace that always is,” fond reflections on the music of Shadow and Rudder and “the girl with the nice voice singing with Kes, the Band”: Belmont Portfolio’s many interwoven themes take on the tenor of the prophetic and elegiac in its railings against colonial oppression, post-colonial disillusionments and various forms of human exploitation:
“Ask native peoples who trusted paper promises
ask Africans chained below decks of slave caravels
ask Asians & other immigrants from islands of the sea,
ask them about liberal democracy that plants burning crosses
on their lawns, knees in their necks, metal in their fleeing backs,
that makes them invisible ciphers fenced in minority ghettos…
“Ask the colonised in their complacencies…”
[caption id="attachment_1061325" align="alignnone" width="300"] The cover of Pierrot by John Robert Lee -[/caption]
So Much Things To Say…over the lost cities of yards
The Belmont Portfolio collection is a story of journeying, of discovery and self-discovery, of the vagaries and meanderings of the experiences of Caribbean peoples writing their history. It is also at the same time autobiographical and confessional, exemplified in Part Two. It amplifies his treatment of theme, image and kadans. It suggests the gravitas of an elder practitioner, who has, in the words of the reggae prophet Robert Nesta Marley, “so much things to say,” despite his asking:
“What remains to be said, written and sung?/we have been to the end of history and back again/we have returned from cities of perfection, come again to narrow lanes of Belmont/sat in the King’s halls of Cambridge, re-entered Marchand…”
There’s still so much to be said: “so write it down and say it like a kaiso griot/like Stalin or Shadow/sing it strong/like a chantwèl over shak-shak, drums and violon/like Bob Marley still wailing from passing vans/over the lost cities of yards.”
The poet is not blind to, and does not turn away from, his Caribbean that is wracked by corruption at the highest levels, crime and oppression that permeates right through the “lost cities of yards,” this Caribbean of the “fluting sound of wood doves,” this complex Caribbean of abiding illusions.
And he is speaking of and to his people who are still labouring under the illusions that their history is only defined by the coloniser and not by their own innate creativity, by their self-discovery, the liberating experiences of:
“ …blues harmonicas in late-night clubs
of blind singers in halls of arrogant empires
of Kwéyòl lamentations on aching violons
of reggae prophets in Trench Town gullies
folk chanters every time, everywhere
chanting down Babylon
pushing back beasts of earth and sea”
At the very centre of this self-discovery, this convoluted yet epiphanic journey, is resistance.
And in this resistance is the making of History. History with an upper-case H because the particularity of this history is in its challenging of “arrogant empires” rather than in the building of oppressive empires. Resistance is another powerful image ekphrastically derived from our music and art in a way that is not as graphically etched out in Pierrot. The metaphor of resistance has been ever present in JRL’s poetry – in this latest volume, however, it resonates with a sound unprecedented in his earlier work:
“What imagination confronts unreasoning tyranny
with defiant chords?
What Shekinah sets tongues of fire in the streets,
shatters glass underfoot
And sent this Etude to us as certain accounting”
These poems raise the voice of lament and defiance – but it is also a trumpet of celebration. Its flora and fauna, its faith and spirituality, its art in all forms are mediated through the prism of a people grappling with post-colonialism. In flowing measured rhythms he writes in a poem that records the worldwide covid experience:
[caption id="attachment_1061324" align="alignnone" width="768"] George Goddard -[/caption]
“Gospelling yellow breasts among avocado blossoms/butterflies cavorting around the Rose of Sharon/…humming birds probing under grapefruit,/…children on this Sabbath chanting hymns from their verandah…who would think/that pestilence is ravaging our world?”
And, celebrating what he learns from the great calypsonians:
“So we learn, Dr Bailey, gothic Shadow, how to put the story:/hear in your ear a prancing line/chant extension of syllables through waving melody/…straight from the yard behind the galvanise/…ricochet and dingolay and wave it/down in the common life you come from…”
The cadences are always markedly in a Caribbean voice, with St Lucian kwéyòl inflections, cast in the light of “the common life you come from,” the life in which “if your shoe buss up/you can still jump up/when music play” (Shadow). It evokes a mood and an aesthetic that, while uniquely found in this archipelago, continues to affirm the Caribbean’s place in world literature.
While I have commented on Lee’s use of various literary devices, I also note: his use of rhythm and line, of formal language interspersed with Caribbean colloquialisms, the evident St Lucian Kwéyòl kadans (while not writing expressly in Kwéyòl) which he employs – all masterfully interwoven.
After all, what remains to be said, written and sung? I think we can expect much more from this skilled and prolific poet. To quote Vladimir Lucien, the talented, younger St Lucian poet, Lee is indeed a “chronicler of the infinite in small places and in honest, quotidian experience.” Belmont Portfolio is a fine collection.
George Goddard is a St Lucian writer. A new collection of his poetry, with art by St Lucian artist Alwin St Omer, is due out in 2024.
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