Ireland on alert for monkeypox as virus spreads across Europe

over 3 years in The Irish Times

The health service is bracing itself for the arrival of the monkeypox virus, which is spreading in a number of European countries.
Germany, Italy and Belgium all reported their first cases of the virus in recent days, while Spain said it has identified 21 cases.
The HSE has set up a multidisciplinary incident management team to prepare for the possible arrival of monkeypox, and infectious diseases experts are on alert for patients with symptoms of the virus.
While no cases have as yet been identified in Ireland, 11 new cases of monkeypox have been confirmed in the UK, bringing the total number of cases recorded there to 20.
For the first time, the virus seems to be spreading in the community. Previous cases in the UK were linked back to travel from high-prevalence areas such as west Africa.
Most of the UK cases are in gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men. The HSE is advising members of these communities to be alert to any unusual rashes or vesicular lesions on any part of their body.
According to the Health Protection Surveillance Centre, monkeypox is a rare disease caused by infection with monkeypox virus. It occurs primarily in remote parts of central and west Africa. There are two types of monkeypox: West African monkeypox and Congo Basin monkeypox. The Congo Basin type is more severe, but only the milder, west African type has been spread to countries outside Africa.
Infection can be spread from person-to-person through contact with bodily fluids and skin lesions of a monkeypox case.
Monkeypox is not very infectious, the HPSC says, as it takes close physical contact to spread between people.
“Contact with close family members or sexual contact poses the biggest risks of person-to-person spread. The risk of spread within the community, in general, is very low,” it advises.
Initial symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills and exhaustion. The virus causes a rash that starts out on the face before spread on the body. Raised red spots quickly develop into little blisters, typically within one to three days of fever onset.
The HPSC says monkeypox infection is usually a self-limiting illness and most people recover within weeks, although severe illness can occur in people with very weak immune systems, and in very small babies.
There is no medical cure and treatment consists of relieving symptoms.
British health secretary Sajid Javid said the UK government had some stocks of the smallpox vaccine, which could be effective against monkeypox as the viruses are quite similar. This is being offered in the UK to very close contacts of those who have been affected.
“Most cases are mild, and I can confirm we have procured further doses of vaccines that are effective against monkeypox,” Mr Javid said.
Spain is assessing different therapeutic options, such as antivirals and vaccines, but so far all cases have mild symptoms and therefore no specific treatment has been necessary, Spanish Health minister Carolina Darias told reporters on Friday.
The US state of Massachusetts on Wednesday reported one case of monkeypox in a man who recently travelled to Canada, prompting officials to probe potential links to the outbreak in Europe.
The Public Health Agency of Canada said on Thursday two cases of monkeypox have been detected in the province of Quebec, the first confirmed cases in Canada.
– Additional reporting: Reuters

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