Sir Frederick William Duke (1863–1924) worked in the Indian Civil Service and formulated the Duke Memorandum during the period of constitutional reform in India.William Duke was born in Arbroath, Scotland, the eldest son of Rev William Duke, the parish minister of St Vigeans Forfarshire. He studied at Arbroath High School and then to Wren and Gurney to be coached for the competitive entrance exams for the Indian Civil Service (British India) which he passed. A position in the Indian Civil Service at that time was highly regarded. He then spent two years at University College London. Wikipedia